RPI3: Difference between revisions
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AAA | AAA | ||
= | = Create Install CentOS7 rootfs image = | ||
NOTE: CentOS-7 userland is now obsolete. Use Rapsbian userland instead!!! | NOTE: CentOS-7 userland is now obsolete. Use Rapsbian userland instead!!! | ||
Revision as of 16:40, 7 May 2021
Raspberry Pi3
Links
- AAA
On-board hardware
- AAA
Serial console
there is no useful serial console
Benchmarks
[root@armdaq05 ~]# uname -a Linux armdaq05.triumf.ca 4.4.21-v7+ #911 SMP Thu Sep 15 14:22:38 BST 2016 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux [root@armdaq05 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 processor : 2 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 Hardware : BCM2709 Revision : a22082 Serial : 00000000852ec765 [root@armdaq05 ~]#
[root@armdaq05 ~]# ./memcpy_arm memcpy 1 KiBytes: 710 MB/sec memcpy 2 KiBytes: 1037 MB/sec memcpy 4 KiBytes: 1340 MB/sec memcpy 8 KiBytes: 1572 MB/sec memcpy 16 KiBytes: 1703 MB/sec memcpy 32 KiBytes: 2010 MB/sec memcpy 64 KiBytes: 1780 MB/sec memcpy 128 KiBytes: 1808 MB/sec memcpy 256 KiBytes: 1421 MB/sec memcpy 512 KiBytes: 971 MB/sec memcpy 1024 KiBytes: 862 MB/sec memcpy 2048 KiBytes: 824 MB/sec memcpy 4096 KiBytes: 862 MB/sec memcpy 8192 KiBytes: 817 MB/sec memcpy 16384 KiBytes: 797 MB/sec memcpy 32768 KiBytes: 767 MB/sec memcpy 65536 KiBytes: 765 MB/sec memcpy 131072 KiBytes: 766 MB/sec [root@armdaq05 ~]#
Original boot files with the CentOS 7.1 userland
NOTE: CentOS-7 userland is now obsolete. use Raspbian userland instead!
[root@armdaq05 ~]# blkid
/dev/mmcblk0p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="boot" UUID="70F7-FA1D" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/mmcblk0p2: LABEL="el7" UUID="0ca625c5-8db1-4f78-a9fd-e6cce04f399e" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mmcblk0: PTTYPE="dos"
[root@armdaq05 ~]#
[root@armdaq05 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 31.4 GB, 31439454208 bytes, 61405184 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5a7089a1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 137215 64512 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 137216 2713599 1288192 83 Linux
[root@armdaq05 ~]#
[root@armdaq05 ~]# df -kl
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 1235136 1029272 125072 90% /
devtmpfs 469536 0 469536 0% /dev
tmpfs 473868 0 473868 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 473868 29964 443904 7% /run
tmpfs 473868 0 473868 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 94776 0 94776 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mmcblk0p1 64456 21192 43264 33% /mnt/tmp
[root@armdaq05 ~]#
Create bootable SD card
Original boot files are in daqstore:/daq/daqstore/olchansk/daq/RPI3:
rpi3-boot-4.4.21-v7+ rpi3-boot-5.10.17-v7+
- use 32GB micro-SD flash
- connect to USB-to-SD flash adapter, plug into linux computer
- login as root
- identify the /dev/sdXXX device corresponding to target media: use "fdisk -l", look for a 32GB disk with a single MS-DOS partition
- ensure the partitions of /dev/sdXXX are not mounted, use "df -kl" and umount /dev/sdXXX1, etc.
- run "fdisk /dev/sdXXX"
- create MSDOS partition table: command "o"
- create first partition 64Mbytes: command "n", primary "p", first sector "<enter>", last sector: "+64M"
- set partition type "C": command "t", partition 1 is selected automatically, hex code "c"
- mark bootable: command "a", partition 1 is selected automatically
- confirm correct layout: command "p"
Disk /dev/sde: 31.1 GB, 31104958464 bytes, 60751872 sectors Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 * 2048 133119 65536 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
- save new partition table: command "w", there should be no messages other than "syncing disks"
- mkfs.msdos /dev/sdXXX1
- mkdir -p /mnt/tmp
- mount /dev/sdXXX1 /mnt/tmp, cd /mnt/tmp
- rsync -av /daq/daqstore/olchansk/daq/RPI3/rpi3-boot-XXX/ .
- sync
- select boot method:
- cp cmdline-mmcblk.txt cmdline.txt ### to boot from SD flash
- cp cmdline-nfsroot.txt cmdline.txt ### to boot from network (dhcp and nfsroot)
- sync
- cd /; umount /mnt/tmp
- eject /dev/sdXXX
- try to boot from the SD flash - on HDMI video, should see Linux kernel boot all the way to a panic on failure to mount rootfs.
cmdline.txt
AAA
Create Install CentOS7 rootfs image
NOTE: CentOS-7 userland is now obsolete. Use Rapsbian userland instead!!!
- use bootable 32GB micro-SD flash
- connect and identify /dev/sdXXX same as above
- ensure all partitions are unmounted, same as above
- create second partion of maximum size:
- fdisk /dev/sdXXX
- command "n", "p", enter, enter
- command "p" to see the layout:
Disk /dev/sde: 31.1 GB, 31104958464 bytes, 60751872 sectors Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 * 2048 133119 65536 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sde2 133120 60751871 30309376 83 Linux
- command "w" to save the changes
- if it complains about "Device or resource busy":
- eject /dev/sdXXX
- remove it from usb adapter
- connect to usb adapter and identify device again, same as above
- ls -l /dev/sdXXX* to see there are two partitions "1" and "2"
- mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdXXX2
- mkdir -p /mnt/tmp
- mount /dev/sdXXX2 /mnt/tmp, cd /mnt/tmp
- rsync -av /ladd/data0/backup.os/armdaq06/ .
- e2label /dev/sdXXX2 el7
- sync
- cd /; umount /mnt/tmp
- eject /dev/sdXXX
- try to boot, should boot all the way to the login prompt.
Setup Python i2c tools
su - root yum install python-setuptools.noarch yum install python-cffi yum install python-devel cd git git clone https://github.com/bivab/smbus-cffi.git cd smbus-cffi python setup.py install
Enable i2c drivers
(already done) edit boot config.txt, uncomment "dtparam=i2c_arm=on" and "dtparam=i2c1=on", reboot echo modprobe i2c-dev >> /etc/rc.local echo modprobe i2c_bcm2708 >> /etc/rc.local ls -l /dev/i2c* i2cdetect -l i2cdetect 1 echo chmod a+wr /dev/i2c* >> /etc/rc.local reboot, run i2cdetect again.
Script for creating boot files
~olchansk/git/scripts/clone/boot_rpi3.perl
Boot modes
See https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md and https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/bootflow_2711.md
- RPi2, RPi3B - SD flash is the default. USB mass storage boot is disabled, but can be enabled.
- RPi3B+ - default boot order: SD flash, USB boot
- RPi4B - boots from internal SPI EEPROM (see recovery.bin). continues booting from SD flash. network boot (DHCP+TFTP), firmware 2020-xx-yy. (how to enable?). usb mass storage boot (not available as of 2020-apr-21).
Raspbian OS
Recommended RaspberryPi OS is "Raspbian".
Rapsbian images and kernel versions
- 2016-09-23-raspbian-jessie-lite : Linux version 4.4.21+
- 2020-05-27-raspios-buster-lite-armhf : Linux version 4.19.118-v8+
- 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite : ???
- 2021-03-04-raspios-buster-armhf-lite : Linux version 5.10.17-v7+
Raspbian boot from SD card
- download here https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/
- unzip, dd to a 32GB SD flash card
- insert card into RPi3, power up, it will boot into login prompt
- default user: pi, password: raspbian, login change default password, install ssh keys for user pi and user root.
- change default keyboard layout from UK (with the pound key): vi /etc/default/keyboard, set XKBLAYOUT="us"
- change default locale from UK to "C" (en_US.UTF8 does not seem to be available): vi /etc/default/locale, set LANG=C.UTF-8
- enable ssh server: apt-get install openssh-server, systemctl enable sshd.service, systemctl start sshd.service
- reboot: shutdown -r now
- RJ45 ethernet network will autoconfigure by DHCP, ssh pi@... and root@... should work
- login as root, install missing packages:
- apt-get update
- apt-get install git emacs xemacs21 cmake
- install additional packages as needed as listed here: https://daq.triumf.ca/DaqWiki/index.php/Raspbian and here: https://daq.triumf.ca/DaqWiki/index.php/Ubuntu
Backport python3-yaml to Debian Buster
Debian Bullseye ships pyYAML 5.3.1, it is relatively easy to build the package for Debian Buster.
1. Downlowd
http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/pyyaml/pyyaml_5.3.1.orig.tar.gz
and
http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/pyyaml/pyyaml_5.3.1-1.debian.tar.xz
from https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/python3-yaml (under "Download Source Package"). Note the bullseye in the URL.
2. Unpack pyyaml_5.3.1.orig.tar.gz and, inside the PyYAML-5.3.1 directory, pyyaml_5.3.1-1.debian.tar.xz.
3. Install some dependencies needed for the build:
sudo apt install python3-all-dev python3-all-dbg libyaml-dev cython cython-dbg python-all-dev python-all-dbg
sudo apt install dpkg-dev
4. Build the package (on the target architecture)
sudo dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -nc
Openbox X Session
Have a look in /etc/xdg/openbox
Custom Raspbian Images
The official tool used raspberrypi.org is available here: https://github.com/RPi-Distro/pi-gen
It is working out of the box with Debian bullseye. The tool is built around debootstrap, all packages are pulled from http://archive.raspbian.org/ (not the official debian repos!).
The user has to provide a config file named "config" in the root directory. For instance:
IMG_NAME=MVM_GUI_TRIUMF RELEASE=buster DEPLOY_ZIP=0 USE_QEMU=0 LOCALE_DEFAULT=C.UTF-8 TARGET_HOSTNAME=mvm_gui KEYBOARD_KEYMAP=us KEYBOARD_LAYOUT="English (US)" TIMEZONE_DEFAULT="America/Vancouver" FIRST_USER_NAME="mvm" FIRST_USER_PASS="gui" ENABLE_SSH=0 STAGE_LIST="stage0 stage1 stage2 stage3 stage4"
To build the image, simply run ./build.sh and wait.
MVM example
Let's build an image tailored to the MVM GUI. The assumes the user is running Debian bullseye.
Optional Step: Setup a Local APT Cache
A local cache speeds-up things if you have to (re)build multiple images. The procedure supposes that you have docker and docker-compose installed on the build machine.
In the root directory, run
apt install docker-compose ### Ubuntu LTS 18.04 docker-compose up -d
Add the line
APT_PROXY=http://172.17.0.1:3142
to the config file
Main Procedure
Install dependencies (Debian):
sudo apt install coreutils quilt parted qemu-user-static debootstrap zerofree zip \ dosfstools bsdtar libcap2-bin grep rsync xz-utils file git curl bc
Install dependancies (Ubuntu LTS 18.04)
ssh root@... apt-get install quilt qemu-user-static debootstrap zerofree bsdtar curl
Clone the TRIUMF repo:
https://gitlab.triumf.ca/mvmdev/GUIAutoBuild --single-branch slim-raspbian-buster
Run:
LANG=C.UTF-8 ./build.sh
Wait ... the images will be saved in the deploy directory.
GPIO
- apt-get install wiringpi
- gpio readall
- gpio mode 24 output
- gpio write 24 1
- gpio write 24 0
SPI
- if there is no /dev/spidev0.0 and /dev/spidev0.1, edit /boot/config.txt, uncomment dtparam=spi=on, reboot
- CS pins are:
- CE0 is J8 pin 24 (GPIO8) is /dev/spidev0,0
- CE1 is J8 pin 26 (GPIO7) is /dev/spidev0,1
- https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Documentation/spi/spidev.rst
- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54923582/spi-ioc-messagen-on-raspberry-pi-3
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.14/driver-api/spi.html#c.spi_message
I2C
- if there is no /dev/i2c*, edit /boot/config.txt, uncomment "dtparam=i2c_arm=on", reboot
- apt-get install python-smbus i2c-tools
- i2cdetect -y 1 ### found device at address 0x70:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
WiFi and Bluetooth
The WiFi and Bluetooth interfaces can be disabled in the boot/config.txt. As a side effect, the PL011 UART is re-routed to the GPIOs 14 and 15. By default, the UART is used by the BT modem.
One has to disable the BT modem initialization service to avoid conflicts.
systemctl disable hciuart
Note: there is a second "MiniUART" aviabale on the Rpi, but its fonctionally are very limited. See https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/uart.md
# Disables the Bluetooth device (also restores UART0/ttyAMA0 to GPIOs 14 and 15). dtoverlay=disable-bt dtoverlay=disable-wifi
RS232
The Rpi3 has two serial interfaces (https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/uart.md). Levels are *3.3V*.
