Ubuntu

About Ubuntu

AAA

Ubuntu version

lsb_release -a
uname -a

Ubuntu installer

• updated for Ububtu LTS 20.04.01

• download the latest Ubuntu LTS desktop installer iso image
• dd the image to a USB key
• power down, disconnect all disks (all HDDs, all SSDs, all M.2)
• connect the SSD to be used as system disk
• if system will use mirrored SSDs (using ZFS mirror), leave second SSD disconnected, we will activate it later
• power up
• boot from USB key in legacy mode or UEFI mode (select this in the BIOS boot menu - F8 for ASUS, F11 for Supermicro)
• follow the instruction:
• "try ubuntu or install ubuntu" - choose "install"
• select language - accept default
• "updates and other software" - accept default settings ("normal install")
• "installation type" - select "advanced features" and "experimental: use ZFS"
• accept partition choice
• "where are you?" - select "Vancouver" (PST time zone)
• "who are you?" - leave all fields blank, except "username" set to "wheel", "password" set to the root password. hostname will be set later after configuring the network
• installation runs in a few minutes, when finished, reboot
• login as user wheel
• answer annouying questions:
• "livepatch" - say "next"
• "help improve" - select "do not send", say "next"
• "privacy" - leave "location" as "off", say "next"
• "ready to go", say "done"
• right-click on the desktop, say "open in terminal", a shell will open
• say "sudo /bin/bash", enter the root password, you now have the root shell
• run nm-connection-editor to configure the network
• after network is up (can ping ladd00), continue with post-installation steps below

Install instructions

prepare

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

install ssh

apt install ssh

configure hostname

vi /etc/hostname

disable swap

ubuntu installer creates a 2 GB swap partition, not useful on 32-64 GB machine, disable it:

vi /etc/fstab ### comment out the "swap" line

maybe reboot

this is a good point to reboot the machine to boot the latest kernel and to set the correct hostname

install time synchronization

apt-get -y install chrony
echo server time1 iburst >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
echo server time2 iburst >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
echo server time3 iburst >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
systemctl disable systemd-timesyncd.service
systemctl stop systemd-timesyncd.service
systemctl disable ntp
systemctl stop ntp
systemctl enable chrony
systemctl restart chrony
chronyc sources
chronyc tracking

install email server

dpkg-reconfigure postfix ### or
apt-get install postfix ### select "satellite system", enter full hostname "xxx.triumf.ca", enter "smtp.triumf.ca"
echo olchansk@triumf.ca >> ~root/.forward
apt-get install -y mailutils
mailx root
test
^D

install missing packages

(apt eats terminal input, even the "yes |" trick does not quite work, repeat the following commands until they report that everything is installed)

yes | apt-get -y install lsb ssh tcsh ethtool
yes | apt-get -y install git subversion g++ cmake
yes | apt-get -y install libz-dev sqlite sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev libmysqlclient-dev unixodbc-dev
yes | apt-get -y install sqliteman
yes | apt-get -y install libssl-dev
yes | apt-get -y install sysstat smartmontools # also installs postfix
yes | apt-get -y install emacs xemacs21
yes | apt-get -y install mutt # email client
yes | apt-get -y install liblz4-tool pbzip2
yes | apt-get -y install libc6-dev-i386 # otherwise no /usr/include/sys/types.h
yes | apt-get -y install libreadline-dev
yes | apt-get -y install chromium-browser chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra
yes | apt-get -y install ubuntu-mate-themes
yes | apt-get -y install minicom
yes | apt-get -y install screen
yes | apt-get -y install rsync strace net-tools
yes | apt-get -y install emacs xemacs21
yes | apt-get -y install xfig gsfonts-x11 gsfonts-other # install fonts for xfig
yes | apt-get -y install time # /usr/bin/time
yes | apt-get -y install libgsl-dev # additional GNU Scientific Library
yes | apt-get -y install linux-tools-common linux-tools-generic linux-tools-5.4.0-48-generic # cpupower frequency-info

install git/scripts

mkdir ~root/git
cd ~root/git
git clone https://ladd00.triumf.ca/~olchansk/git/scripts.git
cd scripts
git pull

install ganglia

yes | apt-get -y install ganglia-monitor
systemctl enable ganglia-monitor

cd ~root/git/scripts
git pull
cp etc/gmond-ubuntu.conf /etc/ganglia/gmond.conf
systemctl restart ganglia-monitor
systemctl status ganglia-monitor
ps -efw | grep gmond

cd ~root/git/scripts/ganglia
make install
./ganglia-all.perl

install gonodeinfo

• go to https://bitbucket.org/dd1/gonodeinfo follow instructions:

yes | apt-get -y install golang
mkdir ~/git
cd ~/git
git clone https://bitbucket.org/dd1/gonodeinfo.git
cd gonodeinfo
git pull
make
make install # install gonodeinfo agent
cd ~ # this is important

• edit /etc/gonodeinfo.conf
• change "Description", "Location", "User" and "Administrator" as appropriate (or delete them)
• change "Servers" to read: Servers: ladd00.triumf.ca:8601
• run gonodeinfo
• if error is "connection refused". go to the nodeinfo server to add this client to the access control list:
• on the gonodeinfo server: run gonodereceive -a daq13
• try gonodeinfo again, there should be no error
• on the gonodeinfo server: run gonodereport, look at the web pages, the new machine should be listed now

install libz.so.1 for CentOS compatibility

yes | apt-get -y install zlib1g
yes | apt-get -y install zlib1g:i386 libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 gcc-6-base:i386

install libpng12.so.0 for Quartus compatibility

(does not work anymore!!!)

wget http://ftp.ca.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libp/libpng/libpng12-0_1.2.50-2+deb8u2_amd64.deb
dpkg --install libpng12-0_1.2.50-2+deb8u2_amd64.deb

install packages for building ROOT

apt-get -y install libx11-dev libxpm-dev libxft-dev libxext-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev xlibmesa-glu-dev libxml2-dev libgsl-dev cmake

install desktop environments

• install MATE desktop

yes | apt-get -y install ubuntu-mate-core ubuntu-mate-desktop
yes | apt-get -y install ubuntu-mate-themes

• install Cinnamon desktop

### not needed 18.04 LTS ### add-apt-repository ppa:embrosyn/cinnamon
yes | apt update
yes | apt-get -y install cinnamon

• install KDE desktop

yes | apt-get -y install kubuntu-desktop

• install Lxqt desktop

yes | apt-get -y install lxqt

• install Xfce4 desktop

yes | apt-get -y install xfce4

install ROOT

Please install ROOT per instructions at http://root.cern.ch.

NOTE1: The ROOT package available from Ubuntu repositories is severely out of date and cannot be used with MIDAS and ROOTANA. ### DO NOT DO THIS! apt-get install root-system

NOTE2: as of 2017-Jan-09, ROOT binary kits for Ubuntu do not work (use GCC 5 instead of GCC6), build from source instead.

Install x2go

x2go instructions, thanks to Art O.

add-apt-repository ppa:x2go/stable
apt-get update
apt-get install x2goserver x2goserver-xsession

Post installation

• setup hostname

xemacs -nw /etc/hostname ### add .triumf.ca to the hostname if it is missing

• install Konstantin's scripts

mkdir ~root/git
cd ~root/git
git clone https://ladd00.triumf.ca/~olchansk/git/scripts.git
cd scripts
git pull

• enable root login from ladd00

ssh localhost
CTRL-C
/bin/cp ~root/git/scripts/etc/authorized_keys ~root/.ssh/

• install smart-status

ln -s ~/git/scripts/smart-status/smart-status.perl .

• install ganglia additional data

cd ~/git/scripts/ganglia
make

• enable automatic updates 1

apt-get install unattended-upgrades
xemacs -nw /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades ### uncomment Allowed-Origins "-security" and "-updates", uncomment/add "::Mail "root"", 

• enable automatic updates 2

add this to: xemacs -nw /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic

APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "1";
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "7";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

IPMI instructions

IPMI is the board management hardware on Supermicro and other server motherboards. This includes hardware sensors - fan rotation speed, temperatures and power supply voltages.

• apt-get install ipmi-tool
• systemctl enable ipmievd

Run:

• ipmitool sel list ### event list
• ipmitool sel elist ### event list
• ipmitool sel clear ### clear event list (if it becomes full)
• ipmitool sensors ### report hardware sensors

NIS instructions

• apt-get -y install portmap nis ### will ask for NIS domain (LADD-NIS)
• dpkg-reconfigure nis ### reconfigure if already installed
• ypwhich -m
• edit /etc/default/nis
  • set "NISSERVER=slave"
  • set "YPSERVARGS=-p800"
  • Ubuntu LTS 20.04, check that "YPBINDARGS=" is blank, remove "-no-dbus" if it is there
• edit /etc/yp.conf, comment-out everything, add "domain LADD-NIS server localhost"
• /usr/lib/yp/ypinit -s ladd00
• systemctl enable nis
• systemctl restart nis
• ypwhich -m
• ypcat -k passwd
• apt-get -y install autofs
• systemctl enable autofs
• vi /etc/nsswitch.conf ### add the automount line, modify the passwd, group and shadow lines to read this:

# begin get data from nis
passwd: files nis
group: files nis
shadow: files nis
automount:  files nis
netgroup: files nis
# end get data from nis

• systemctl restart autofs
• enable hourly update of NIS maps

cd ~/git/scripts/etc
git pull
ln -s $PWD/ypxfr-cron-hourly /etc/cron.hourly

• ### NOT NEEDED sudo vi /etc/idmapd.conf ### add line: "Domain = triumf.ca"
• reboot

Fix systemd NIS breakage

!!! THIS IS NOT NEEDED FOR UBUNTU LTS 20.04 !!!

there is a delay in ssh logins for normal users. "ssh -v" shows the delay is after "pledge...". this fix removes the delay.

systemd developers think that we should not use NIS and made sure there are problems if we do. To give them credit, they do offer a workaround. Read this: https://github.com/poettering/systemd/commit/695fe4078f0df6564a1be1c4a6a9e8a640d23b67

mkdir /etc/systemd/system/systemd-logind.service.d
echo -e "[Service]\nIPAddressDeny=\n" > /etc/systemd/system/systemd-logind.service.d/local.conf
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl cat systemd-logind.service

Install sddm display manager (DO NOT DO THIS)

• apt-get install sddm
• apt-get install sddm-theme-"*"
• create sddm.conf:

root@daqubuntu:~# more /etc/sddm.conf
[Theme]
Current=maldives
root@daqubuntu:~# 

• dpkg-reconfigure lightdm (select sddm)
• reboot

Configure lightdm display manager

• enable it

systemctl disable gdm
systemctl disable sddm
systemctl enable lightdm

• make the MATE desktop as default

cd ~root/git/scripts/
git pull
/bin/cp -v etc/lightdm_default_mate.conf /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/

• enable login by NIS users

/bin/cp -v etc/lightdm_enable_nis_login.conf /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/

• restart lightdm

systemctl restart lightdm

Install libpng12.so.0

Quartus 16 needs libpng12:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/libp/libpng/libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
dpkg --install libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Install google-chrome

Instructions from here: https://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/google_chrome?dist=stable

wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -
sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'
apt-get update
apt-get install google-chrome-stable

Install amanda client

• apt install amanda-client
• edit /etc/amandahosts

amanda.triumf.ca amanda amdump

• check permissions on /etc/amandahosts:

root@daq00:/var/log/amanda# ls -l /etc/amandahosts
-rw------- 1 backup backup 49 Jan 27 10:48 /etc/amandahosts

• fix if needed: chown backup.backup /etc/amandahosts; chmod a= /etc/amandahosts; chmod u=wr /etc/amandahosts
• edit /etc/amanda-security.conf, add this line:

runtar:gnutar_path=/usr/bin/tar

On the amanda machine:

• in amanda disklist, use dump type "bsdtcp-comp-user-tar"
• su - amanda and run amcheck -c daq00

-bash-4.1$ amcheck -c daily daq00

Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
--------------------------------
Client check: 1 host checked in 0.092 seconds.  0 problems found.

(brought to you by Amanda 3.3.7p1.git.685ff76d)

Enable rc.local

For reasons unknown, Ubuntu LTS 20.04 does not enable /etc/rc.local. Do this:

• create /etc/rc.local with this content

#!/bin/bash

exit 0

• chmod a+rx /etc/rc.local
• create systemd service file /etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service

[Unit]
Description=/etc/rc.local Support
ConditionPathExists=/etc/rc.local
After=network.target nis.service autofs.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start
TimeoutSec=0
StandardOutput=tty
RemainAfterExit=yes

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

• systemctl daemon-reload
• systemctl enable rc-local
• systemctl start rc-local
• systemctl status rc-local

Disable unwanted services

systemctl disable mpd
systemctl disable snapd
systemctl disable ModemManager

Disable sleep and suspend

systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target systemd-suspend.service systemd-hybrid-sleep.service

Install apache httpd proxy for midas and elog

This will configure the HTTPS/SSL certificate using "certbot" and "letsencrypt" and configure an HTTPS web server using apache2.

First, configure apache2:

• execute these commands:

apt install apache2
cd /etc/apache2

• create new file conf-available/ssl-daq14.conf # use actual hostname instead of daq14

SSLSessionCache         shmcb:/run/httpd/sslcache(512000)
SSLSessionCacheTimeout  300
SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom  256
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
SSLCryptoDevice builtin

• create new file sites-available/daq14-ssl.conf # use actual hostname instead of daq14

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost *:443>
        ServerName daq14.triumf.ca
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/daq14.log
        SSLEngine on
        # note SSLProtocol, SSLCipherSuite and some other settings are overwritten by /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
        SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1
        SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5:!SEED:!IDEA:!RC4
        ## use port specified in elogd.cfg
        #ProxyPass /elog/ http://localhost:8082/ retry=1 
        ## use mhttpd port
        #ProxyPass /      http://localhost:8080/ retry=1 
        Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
        <Location />
            SSLRequireSSL
            AuthType Basic
            AuthName "DAQ password protected site"
            Require valid-user
            # create password file: touch /etc/apache2/htpasswd
            # to add new user or change password: htpasswd /etc/apache2/htpasswd username
            AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/htpasswd
        </Location>
    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

• stop apache2 from listening on port 80: edit /etc/apache2/ports.conf, comment-out the line "Listen 80"
• stop apache2 from listening on port 80: edit /etc/apache2/ports.conf, comment-out the line "Listen 80"
• enable ssl module
• enable new configurations

a2enmod ssl
a2enmod headers
a2enmod proxy
a2enmod proxy_http
a2enconf ssl-daq14
a2ensite daq14-ssl

• disable default ssl sites

a2dissite 000-default-le-ssl
a2dissite 000-default
ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ ### should show only daq14-ssl.conf

• check that there are no syntax problems

apache2ctl configtest

• enable and start apache2:

systemctl enable apache2
systemctl restart apache2
systemctl status apache2

• apache2 may fail to start, look in /var/log/apache2/error.log and /var/log/apache2/daq14.log
• if it says "Failed to configure ... certificate", proceed to the step for setting certbot.
• try to access https://daq14.triumf.ca
  • you should see a complaint about self-signed certificate
  • you should see a request for password (do not login yet)
  • if you get "connection refused", HTTPS port 443 may need to be enabled in the local firewall, look at documentation for ufw.

Second, configure certbot:

(Note: as of 2018-01-18 certbot requires use of http port 80 to get the initial https certificate, renewal can continue to use the https port 443)

(Note: as of 2019-01-?? certbot requires use of port 80 for renewals)

• check that port 80 is not used by anything:
• netstat -an | grep LISTEN | grep ^tcp | grep 80
• lsof -P | grep -i tcp | grep LISTEN | grep 80
• if lsof reports that apache2 is listening on port 80, follow the apache2 instructions above (remove "listen 80" from apache2.conf

• install certbot (if necessary open tcp port 80 in the firewall, see documentation for ufw):

apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache
certbot certonly --standalone --installer apache

• then answer questions:
• "activate HTTPS for daq14.triumf.ca" - say ok
• "enter email address" - enter your own email address
• "please read terms..." - read the terms and say "agree"
• it will take a few moments...
• "congratulations..." - say ok.

certbot install --apache --cert-name daq14.triumf.ca

• then answer questions:
• "choose redirect..." - say "1" (no redirect)
• look inside /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ssl-daq14.conf to see that SSLCertificateFile & co point to certbot certificates in

/etc/letsencrypt/live/daq14.triumf.ca/

• to check current renewal and to update the certbot config file in /etc/letsencrypt/renewal, run this:

certbot renew --standalone --installer apache --force-renewal

NOTE: this certificate will expire in 3 months, automatic renewal should work with current version of certbot

Third, activate password protection:

• as shown in the config file above, create password file and initial user: (replace "midas" with specific username)

touch /etc/apache2/htpasswd
htpasswd /etc/apache2/htpasswd midas

• restart apache2

systemctl restart apache2
systemctl status apache2

From here:

• enable proxy for MIDAS mhttpd - uncomment redirect in the config file above
• enable proxy for ELOG - ditto

a2enmod proxy
a2enmod proxy_http
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl restart apache2

From here:

• enable proxy for MIDAS mhttpd - uncomment redirect in the config file above
• enable proxy for ELOG - ditto

a2enmod proxy
a2enmod proxy_http
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl restart apache2

• try accessing MIDAS https://daq14.triumf.ca/ (make sure mhttpd is running)
• if it's not working, check odb setting FIXME!
• try accessing ELog https://daq14.triumf.ca/elog/ (make sure elogd is running)
• if it's not working, check elogd.cfg file and make sure

SSL                  = 0

NOTE: if certbot fails with errors about 'module' object has no attribute 'pyopenssl', try this: pip install requests==2.6.0

Install PHP

• apt install php libapache2-mod-php
• systemctl restart apache2
• create /var/www/html/info.php

<?php 
 
phpinfo(); 

• open https://daq00.triumf.ca/info.php

Update packages

• apt-get update # update package list
• apt-get dist-upgrade # install updated packages and update "kept back" packages
• apt-get autoremove # remove packages that apt thinks should be removed

Finish installation

• reboot

shutdown -r now

Install ZFS

!!! after installing all the packages, after updating the system, after updating the linux kernel, after rebooting into latest kernel !!!

apt-get install zfsutils-linux

Follow generic ZFS instructions: ZFS

Update to new version of Ubuntu

vi /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades # set "Prompt=normal"
do-release-upgrade

Ubuntu package manager

• apt-get install xxx # install package xxx
• apt-get update
• apt-get upgrade
• apt-get dist-upgrade
• apt-get autoremove # remove automatically installed packages required by a removed package
• apt-get remove xxx # remove package xxx
• apt-cache search . # list all available packages
• apt-cache show "." | grep ^Package # list al available packages
• apt-cache madison root-system # show all available versions of package root-system
• apt list # list all installed packages
• dpkg --listfiles libpng16-16 # list all files from this package
• apt list --installed # list all installed packages

Ubuntu grub boot loader

This will enable the grub menu (with a 10 sec timeout) and replace black screen with exciting linux boot messages.

• edit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="vga=769 video=640x480"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

• update grub config:

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

More grub maintenance commands:

• update-initramfs -v -u
• grub-install /dev/sda

Disable NetworkManager

NetworkManager is useful for configuring dynamic network interfaces, i.e. laptops that often move between networks, or connect to multiple choice of wifi networks, etc.

For machines with statically configured network interfaces, NetworkManager is not necessary.

As it has been observed to become confused and observed to malfunction when network links go up and down (it keeps unnecessarily reconfiguring the ip address, etc), it can be usefuil to disable it.

• list all network interfaces

# /bin/ls -1 /sys/class/net/
enp0s31f6
lo

• edit /etc/network/interfaces:

rename enp0s31f6=eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
   address 142.90.120.94/22
   gateway 142.90.100.18

• statically configure systemd-resolved

xemacs -nw /etc/systemd/resolved.conf ### to read this:
XXX
[Resolve] 
DNS=142.90.100.19
Domains=triumf.ca
XXX
systemctl restart systemd-resolved
resolvectl

• disable NetworkManager

systemctl disable NetworkManager

• reboot

Configure ECC memory

Configure EDAC

• apt install edac-utils

Intel E-2236

root@daq00:~# edac-ctl --mainboard
edac-ctl: mainboard: Supermicro X11SCM-F
root@daq00:~# edac-ctl --status
edac-ctl: drivers are loaded.
root@daq00:~# edac-util 
edac-util: No errors to report.
root@daq00:~# edac-util -s
edac-util: EDAC drivers are loaded. 1 MC detected

• check edac sysfs files (Intel)

root@daq00:~# ls -l /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc0
total 0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 ce_count
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 ce_noinfo_count
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 max_location
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 mc_name
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 power
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank1
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank2
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank3
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank5
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank6
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Jan 25 15:10 rank7
--w------- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 reset_counters
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 seconds_since_reset
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 size_mb
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 ue_count
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 ue_noinfo_count
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 25 15:10 uevent
root@daq00:~# 

AMD 3700X

(memory is non-ECC)

root@daq13:~# edac-ctl --mainboard
edac-ctl: mainboard: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. ROG STRIX B550-E GAMING
root@daq13:~# 
root@daq13:~# 
root@daq13:~# edac-ctl --status
edac-ctl: drivers not loaded.
root@daq13:~# edac-util 
edac-util: Error: No memory controller data found.
root@daq13:~# edac-util -s
edac-util: EDAC drivers loaded. No memory controllers found
root@daq13:~# ls -l /sys/devices/system/edac/mc
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    0 Jan 25 15:26 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Jan 21 16:16 subsystem -> ../../../../bus/edac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jan 21 16:16 uevent

Configure rasdaemon

• apt install rasdaemon
• systemctl enable rasdaemon
• systemctl start rasdaemon
• systemctl status rasdaemon

● rasdaemon.service - RAS daemon to log the RAS events
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/rasdaemon.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-01-25 15:16:37 PST; 3min 5s ago
   Main PID: 2477175 (rasdaemon)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 76958)
     Memory: 17.1M
     CGroup: /system.slice/rasdaemon.service
             └─2477175 /usr/sbin/rasdaemon -f -r

Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: ras:extlog_mem_event event enabled
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: Enabled event ras:extlog_mem_event
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: ras:extlog_mem_event event enabled
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: Listening to events for cpus 0 to 11
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: Enabled event ras:extlog_mem_event
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: Recording mc_event events
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: Recording aer_event events
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: Recording extlog_event events
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: Recording mce_record events
Jan 25 15:16:37 daq00.triumf.ca rasdaemon[2477175]: rasdaemon: Recording arm_event events

Get reports

• Intel 2x32GB ECC DIMMs

root@daq00:~# ras-mc-ctl --layout
          +-------------------------+
          |           mc0           |
          |   csrow0   |   csrow1   |
----------+-------------------------+
channel1: |  16384 MB  |  16384 MB  |
channel0: |  16384 MB  |  16384 MB  |
----------+-------------------------+
root@daq00:~# ras-mc-ctl --error-count
Label                   CE      UE
mc#0csrow#1channel#1    0       0
mc#0csrow#1channel#0    0       0
mc#0csrow#0channel#0    0       0
mc#0csrow#0channel#1    0       0
root@daq00:~# 

• Intel 4x16GB ECC DIMMs

root@daq00:~# ras-mc-ctl --error-count
Label                   CE      UE
mc#0csrow#0channel#1    0       0
mc#0csrow#2channel#0    0       0
mc#0csrow#0channel#0    0       0
mc#0csrow#2channel#1    0       0
mc#0csrow#1channel#0    0       0
mc#0csrow#1channel#1    0       0
mc#0csrow#3channel#0    0       0
mc#0csrow#3channel#1    0       0
root@daq00:~# 
root@daq00:~# ras-mc-ctl --layout
          +-----------------------+
          |          mc0          |
          |  csrow0   |  csrow1   |
----------+-----------------------+
channel1: |  8192 MB  |  8192 MB  |
channel0: |  8192 MB  |  8192 MB  |
----------+-----------------------+
root@daq00:~# 
root@daq00:~# 
root@daq00:~# 
root@daq00:~# ras-mc-ctl --print-labels
ras-mc-ctl: Error: No dimm labels for Supermicro model X11SCM-F
root@daq00:~# ras-mc-ctl --mainboard
ras-mc-ctl: mainboard: Supermicro model X11SCM-F
root@daq00:~# ras-mc-ctl --summary
No Memory errors.

No PCIe AER errors.

No Extlog errors.

DBD::SQLite::db prepare failed: no such table: devlink_event at /usr/sbin/ras-mc-ctl line 1181.
Can't call method "execute" on an undefined value at /usr/sbin/ras-mc-ctl line 1182.
root@daq00:~# 

Enable CPU turbo mode

• Intel CPU has a nominal CPU frequency (i.e. 3.4GHz) and a turbo-boost CPU frequency (i.e. 4.0GHz). Here we will enable this turbo-boost mode.
• Find out CPU capability

root@daq01:~# lscpu | grep Hz
Model name:                      Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700 CPU @ 3.40GHz
CPU MHz:                         3965.803
CPU max MHz:                     4000.0000
CPU min MHz:                     800.0000
root@daq01:~# 

• Look up this CPU in the Intel ARK database - google for the CPU model name, i.e.

https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/88196/intel-core-i7-6700-processor-8m-cache-up-to-4-00-ghz.html

• Find current frequency settings:

root@daq01:~# cpupower frequency-info
analyzing CPU 0:
  driver: intel_pstate
  CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
  CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
  maximum transition latency:  Cannot determine or is not supported.
  hardware limits: 800 MHz - 4.00 GHz
  available cpufreq governors: performance powersave
  current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 4.00 GHz.
                  The governor "powersave" may decide which speed to use
                  within this range.
  current CPU frequency: Unable to call hardware
  current CPU frequency: 2.72 GHz (asserted by call to kernel)
  boost state support:
    Supported: yes
    Active: yes
root@daq01:~# 

• Note the following:
  • current governor is "powersave"
  • "performance" governor is available
  • "boost state support" is supported and active.
• Confirm CPU frequency governor:

root@daq01:~# cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
powersave
powersave
powersave
powersave
powersave
powersave
powersave
powersave
root@daq01:~# 

• Change governor to "performance":

root@daq01:~# cpupower frequency-set --governor performance
Setting cpu: 0
Setting cpu: 1
Setting cpu: 2
Setting cpu: 3
Setting cpu: 4
Setting cpu: 5
Setting cpu: 6
Setting cpu: 7
root@daq01:~# cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
performance
performance
performance
performance
performance
performance
performance
performance
root@daq01:~# cpupower frequency-info
analyzing CPU 0:
  driver: intel_pstate
  CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
  CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
  maximum transition latency:  Cannot determine or is not supported.
  hardware limits: 800 MHz - 4.00 GHz
  available cpufreq governors: performance powersave
  current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 4.00 GHz.
                  The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use
                  within this range.
  current CPU frequency: Unable to call hardware
  current CPU frequency: 3.93 GHz (asserted by call to kernel)
  boost state support:
    Supported: yes
    Active: yes

• monitor CPU frequency:

root@daq01:~# cpupower monitor
    | Nehalem                   || Mperf              || Idle_Stats                                     
 CPU| C3   | C6   | PC3  | PC6   || C0   | Cx   | Freq  || POLL | C1   | C1E  | C3   | C6   | C7s  | C8    
   0|  0.00|  0.00|  0.00|  0.00|| 88.80| 11.20|  3973||  0.00|  0.00|  0.01|  0.02|  0.31|  0.00|  4.25
   4|  0.00|  0.00|  0.00|  0.00||  4.70| 95.30|  3945||  0.00|  0.00|  0.00|  0.00|  0.00|  0.00| 95.03
   1|  0.73|  3.70|  0.00|  0.00||  4.52| 95.48|  3864||  0.00|  0.01|  1.19|  0.44|  2.82|  0.00| 90.23
   5|  0.73|  3.70|  0.00|  0.00||  0.37| 99.63|  3807||  0.00|  0.00|  0.03|  0.09|  1.70|  0.00| 97.64
   2|  2.28| 12.86|  0.00|  0.00||  1.41| 98.59|  3829||  0.00|  0.86|  3.17|  0.46|  7.70|  0.00| 85.87
   6|  2.28| 12.86|  0.00|  0.00||  2.88| 97.12|  3856||  0.00|  0.11|  4.56|  2.15| 10.31|  0.00| 78.99
   3|  1.33|  4.81|  0.00|  0.00||  0.99| 99.01|  3804||  0.00|  0.49|  0.79|  0.01|  1.03|  0.00| 96.12
   7|  1.34|  4.81|  0.00|  0.00||  1.26| 98.74|  3818||  0.00|  0.01|  2.32|  0.47|  5.02|  0.00| 90.06
root@daq01:~# 

• check that the CPU is not overheating:

root@daq01:~# sensors
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Package id 0:  +51.0°C  (high = +84.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 0:        +51.0°C  (high = +84.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 1:        +38.0°C  (high = +84.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 2:        +34.0°C  (high = +84.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 3:        +32.0°C  (high = +84.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)

• congratulations, we are running at 4 GHz now!

Setup ubuntu as gateway to private network

See also:

• https://daq.triumf.ca/DaqWiki/index.php/VME-CPU#Setup_the_boot_host_computer_.28el7.29
• http://www.triumf.info/wiki/DAQwiki/index.php/Dhcpd_on_eth1

Steps to do

• assign network numbers to the private network, i.e. 192.168.1.x, 192.168.2.x, etc
• (on the gateway machine, each private network interface has to have a different network number)
• (each network interface can have multiple networks attached, via VLANs or via eth0:0, eth0:1 constructs)
• assign IP addresses on the private network, save them in /etc/hosts i.e. "hvps 192.168.1.10"
• (for simplicity, assign 192.168.1.1 to the gateway machine itself)
• (IP addresses 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.1.255 are "special", do not use them)
• setup DNS server (dnsmasq) to serve contents of /etc/hosts via DNS (otherwise, many programs will see inconsistent name to IP address mapping)
• setup DHCP server (ISC dhcpd or dnsmasq) to give out the IP addresses
• setup tftp, pxelinux and NFS for diskless booting
• setup time server (chronyd) to provide common time to all devices
• setup NAT so machines on private network can access the internet (to get OS updates, etc)
• setup NIS and NFS so machines on the private network can use common home directories
• setup rsync backup of machines on the private network

setup hosts

• edit /etc/hosts

192.168.1.101 dsfe01
... and so forth

setup dns and dhcp

• apt-get install dnsmasq
• edit /etc/dnsmasq.conf

# /etc/dnsmasq.conf
# DNS settings
#port=0 # disable DNS function
port=53
domain-needed
bogus-priv
no-resolv
server=142.90.100.19
# DHCP settings
interface=enp1s0f0 # DHCP interface
#dhcp-range=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150,infinite
dhcp-range=192.168.1.0,static
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
#dhcp-host=ac:1f:6b:9e:7f:4a,192.168.1.100,10m
dhcp-host=ac:1f:6b:9e:7f:4a,dsfe01,infinite
# TFTP settings
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/zssd/tftpboot

• mkdir /zssd/tftpboot ### per tftp-root
• systemctl enable dnsmasq
• systemctl restart dnsmasq

setup chronyd

• enable ntp server:
• configure and enable chronyd per instructions above
• emacs -nw /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
  • add "allow 192.168.1.0/24" at the end
• systemctl restart chronyd
• chronyc tracking ### wait until time is synchronized (a few seconds)

setup diskless network booting

setup pxelinux

cd ~
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/4.xx/syslinux-4.03.tar.bz2
tar xjvf syslinux-4.03.tar.bz2
cd syslinux-4.03
cp -pv ./core/pxelinux.0 ./com32/hdt/hdt.c32 ./memdisk/memdisk ./com32/menu/menu.c32 /zssd/tftpboot/

• cd /zssd/tftpboot

wget http://ladd00.triumf.ca/tftpboot/memtest86+-4.20.iso.zip
wget http://ladd00.triumf.ca/tftpboot/memtest86+-5.01.iso.gz
wget http://ladd00.triumf.ca/tftpboot/modules.alias
wget http://ladd00.triumf.ca/tftpboot/modules.pcimap
wget http://ladd00.triumf.ca/tftpboot/pci.ids

• mkdir pxelinux.cfg
• emacs -nw pxelinux.cfg/default

default menu.c32
prompt 0

menu title Welcome to the DSVSLICE PXE boot menu

timeout 50

label hdt
  kernel hdt.c32

label memtest86+-5.01 
  kernel memdisk iso initrd=memtest86+-5.01.iso.gz 

label memtest86+-4.20
  kernel memdisk iso initrd=memtest86+-4.20.iso.zip

label vmlinuz-5.3.0-26-generic
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz-5.3.0-26-generic
  append initrd=initrd.img-5.3.0-26-generic boot=nfs root=/dev/nfs netboot=nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/zssd/nfsroot/dsfe01 toram ip=dhcp panic=60 BOOTIF=enp1s0f0

#end

setup linux kernel

• copy the kernel files

cd /boot
rsync -av config* initrd* System.map* vmlinuz* /zssd/tftpboot/

• cd /zssd/tftpboot
• chmod a+r *

setup nfs

• apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
• emacs -nw /etc/exports

/zssd/nfsroot/dsfe01 dsfe01(rw,no_root_squash,async,no_subtree_check)

• enable services

systemctl enable nfs-server
systemctl enable nfs-mountd
systemctl enable nfs-idmapd
systemctl restart nfs-server
systemctl restart nfs-mountd
systemctl restart nfs-idmapd

• after editing /etc/exports, run

exportfs -av

setup userland

• zfs create zssd/nfsroot
• zfs set dedup=verify zssd/nfsroot ### enable deduplication to save disk space because most linux images have mostly identical files
• clone ubuntu

mkdir /zssd/nfsroot/dsfe01
cd /
rsync -avx . /zssd/nfsroot/dsfe01

• edit config files:
• cd /zssd/nfsroot/dsfe01
• emacs -nw etc/hostname ### change to dsfe01
• emacs -nw etc/fstab ### add this

192.168.1.1:/zssd/nfsroot/dsfe01 / nfs defaults,nolock 0 0

• emacs -nw etc/chrony/chrony.conf
  • comment-out all "pool" and "server" entries
  • add entry "server 192.168.1.1 iburst"

After dsfe01 is booted:

• disable services:

systemctl disable apache2
systemctl disable dnsmasq
systemctl disable zfs-import-cache

To setup additional machines, clone dsfe01 instead of cloning the gateway machine

Allow manpages to be viewed

If / is mounted over NFS, man will report a permission error. Fix it with:

ln -s /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.man /etc/apparmor.d/disable/
apparmor_parser -R /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.man

setup shared home directory

on the gateway machine

• define netgroups
• emacs -nw /etc/netgroup

dsfe (dsfe01,,) (dsfe02,,)

• emacs -nw /etc/nsswitch.conf ### edit the netgroup line to read:

netgroup: files

• export the home directories:
• emacs -nw /etc/exports ### add this:

/zssd/home1 @dsfe(rw,no_root_squash,async,no_subtree_check)

• exportfs -rc

on the frontend machine

• mkdir /home
• emacs -nw /etc/fstab ### add this:

192.168.1.1:/zssd/home1 /home nfs defaults 0 0

• mount -a

setup NAT

NAT allows machines on the private network to connect to the internet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

• emacs -nw /etc/rc.local ### add this:

# /etc/rc.local

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eno1 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -L -v

#/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
#/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
#iptables -L -v

iptables -L -v
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
#sysctl -a | grep forward

/etc/firewall-rfc1918.sh

# end

# firewall-rfc1918.sh

# prevent RFC1918 private network IP addresses from
# going in and out from our uplink.

ETH=eno1

iptables -F in-rfc1918
iptables -N in-rfc1918
iptables -A in-rfc1918 --dst 10.0.0.0/8      -j REJECT
iptables -A in-rfc1918 --dst 172.16.0.0/12   -j REJECT
iptables -A in-rfc1918 --dst 192.168.0.0/16  -j REJECT
iptables -D INPUT -j in-rfc1918 -i $ETH
iptables -D INPUT -j in-rfc1918 -i $ETH
iptables -I INPUT -j in-rfc1918 -i $ETH

iptables -F out-rfc1918
iptables -N out-rfc1918
iptables -A out-rfc1918 --dst 10.0.0.0/8      -j REJECT
iptables -A out-rfc1918 --dst 172.16.0.0/12   -j REJECT
iptables -A out-rfc1918 --dst 192.168.0.0/16  -j REJECT
iptables -D OUTPUT -j out-rfc1918 -o $ETH
iptables -D OUTPUT -j out-rfc1918 -o $ETH
iptables -I OUTPUT -j out-rfc1918 -o $ETH

iptables -L -v

#end