History System

Links

• /History ODB tree
• mhttpd history page
• MIDAS-history format →
• /Logger ODB tree
• /Logger/History subtree

Introduction

The history system is an add-on capability built into the MIDAS data logger mlogger to record useful information in parallel to the data logging. This information is recorded with a time stamp and saved into a history file (see History drivers) for later retrieval. One set of files is created per day containing all the requested history events. The history data may be displayed in graphical form using the mhttpd MIDAS webserver utility, giving the user an easy way of seeing how experimental variables have changed with time. The history logging will be in action only if the MIDAS data logger is running, but it is not necessary to have any data logging channel enabled.

MidasHistoryInterface

The new history configuration defines history channels similar to logger channels. Each history channel creates a history interface class (class MidasHistoryInterface). The data logger can use this interface to write data into the history, mhttpd, mhist & co can use this interface to read data from the history. The interface is defined in history.h

• http://ladd00.triumf.ca/~daqweb/doc/midas/include/history.h

History drivers

Presently, the MIDAS distribution contains these drivers:

MIDAS-History

this is the traditional history driver, with data stored in the .hst binary files. (format is documented here mhformat, see also mhist and mhdump)

By default ODB subtree "MIDAS" is set up to write MIDAS-history.

ODBC-History

stores history data in SQL database using the ODBC abstraction layer. See ODBC SQL History system.

By default ODB subtree "ODBC" is set up to write ODBC-history.

SQLITE-History

stores data in SQL database as SQLITE3 .sqlite3 files. The SQL table format is similar to ODBC-history, performance is similar, no database server required.

By default ODB subtree "SQLITE" is set up to write SQLITE-history.

MYSQL-History

By default ODB subtree "MYSQL" is set up to write MYSQL-history.

FILE-History

stores each variable in its own file, making it much easier to trace the history of a particular variable.

By default ODB subtree FILE is set up to write FILE-history.

More drivers can be easily added by the user (create history_xxx.cxx, add constructor to hs_get_history(), create the ODB subtree /Logger/History/x/channel).

Location of History Files

MIDAS-history

By default, the traditional MIDAS-history is enabled, writing history files into the MIDAS data directory path given by the ODB key Data dir.

If history data is important, it is recommended to write it to a directory that is backed up or archived. (The MIDAS data directory is usually located on a scratch data disk without backups).

The location of the MIDAS-history data files can be changed by use of the ODB Key History dir.

ODBC-History

The location of ODBC-History files is ...

SQLITE-History

The location of SQLITE-History files is the directory path given by the ODB key Sqlite dir.

MYSQL-History

The location of MYSQL-History files is ...

FILE-History

The location of FILE-History files is the directory path given by the ODB key History dir.

Types of History Events

There are two basic types of history events, which are defined in different ways:

• "Frontend" History event composed in the frontend. See Frontend History Event for details.
• "Virtual" History event composed within the ODB under the /History/Links subtree.

Both these history event definitions take effect when the data logger gets a start run transition. Any modifications made during the run are not applied until the start of the next run.

Virtual History Event

The history of any ODB variable can be recorded in a "virtual" history event by creating a link to that variable in the /History/Links subtree. This is used for ODB variables that are not in an Equipment.

To enable Virtual History Events

Create links as desired in /History/Links subtree.

Frontend History Event

Each Equipment has the capability to generate "history data".

To enable Frontend History Events

Set the Log history key of each equipment to be logged non-zero (see Log History parameter in the ODB.

This causes the event contents to be copied to the ODB /Equipment/<equipment-name>/Variables subtree for the use of the History system. You may need to restart the frontend.

Sequence for frontend History Event

The main steps for the frontend History Event is as follows:

• The user code in the frontend equipment Event Readout routines reads the data, placing it into a MIDAS data bank
• In mfe.c, if the key Log history > 0 (i.e. the history system is enabled for this equipment), this data bank is written into ODB (by update_odb()).
• This ODB write triggers an ODB hot-link into mlogger
• The hot-link calls mlogger.c::log_history(), which calls hs_write() to write the data into the history file. The frequency of the history writes is specified by the number of seconds between writes stored in the ODB key Log history.
• history.c::hs_write() or history_odbc::hs_write_odbc() writes the data into a history file or into an SQL database.

How to Write History events

 *  Enable desired Frontend and/or Virtual history events
 *  Select the history driver#Select the history driver
 *  Follow instructions below for selected driver:
 ** Write MIDAS-history events
 ** Write ODBC-history events
 ** Write SQLITE-history events
 ** Write MYSQL-history events
 ** Write FILE-history events

Select the history driver

• Select the history driver and therefore the history-logging-channel to use to write the MIDAS-history files.
• set Active ODB key in the selected history-logging-channel to "y"
• set LoggerHistoryChannel to the selected History channel.

Write MIDAS-History events

• Enable desired Frontend and/or Virtual history events
• Perform steps in Select History Driver with history driver "MIDAS".
• Restart mhttpd and mlogger, start the run.

MIDAS-history files will be saved into the MIDAS-history data directory.

Write ODBC-History events

See MIDAS ODBC SQL History system.

• If necessary, Set up a MySQL database.
• Enable desired virtual and frontend history events (see Virtual history events and Frontend history events).
• Perform steps in Select History Driver with history driver "ODBC".
• Check ODB KeyWriter_ODBC_DSN is set to "history writer" and Key

Reader_ODBC_DSN is set to "history reader" (the default values)

• set Debug to 1 if desired
• restart mlogger in verbose mode (i.e. mlogger -v), and observe how it issues SQL commands to create the tables and columns corresponding to MIDAS-history events and tags.
  • mlogger is programmed to raise alarms if connection to SQL database is interrupted or if some events cannot be written into the database (i.e. data type mismatch, SQL syntax errors, etc). The traditional MIDAS-history never raised alarms because it "never failed" - other than from "disk full" errors, which are immediately obvious.

• restart mhttpd
  • With ODBC History enabled, mhttpd will only use history information from the SQL database to make history plots and to extract history variable names for the history plot editor. The ODB /History Tags and

Events subtrees are not used.

** variable names presented to the user may change from MIDAS names to SQL names (use the history panel "Label" text fields to create permanent plot labels).

Write SQLITE-history events

No special configuration required.

• Enable desired virtual and frontend history events (see Virtual history events and Frontend history events).
• Perform steps to Select History Driver with history driver "SQLITE".

• Create a directory for storage of sqlite history files
• save its path in the ODB key Sqlite dir
• restart mhttpd and mlogger

In the history data directory (in Sqlite dir) you should see files with name "mh_xxx.sqlite3" corresponding to your equipment and variable names.

Write MYSQL-history events

• Enable desired virtual and frontend history events (see Virtual history events and Frontend history events).
• Perform steps to Select History Driver with history driver "SQLITE".

...........

Write FILE-history events

• Enable desired virtual and frontend history events (see Virtual history events and Frontend history events).
• Perform steps to Select History Driver with history driver "SQLITE".
• Assign directory path for saved files using the ODB key History dir.

...........

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MIDAS-History Tag names

Tags are only used for MIDAS-history events.

The mlogger/mhttpd implementation of /History/Tags has proved troublesome and we are moving away from it.

During the transition period

Implementations starting with Version 4435 of mlogger and mhttpd (i.e. "new" versions) will now work without /History/Tags. The history tags are read directly from the history files themselves. To run in this mode, set ODB key /History/DisableTags to "y". Existing /History/Tags subtree will be automatically deleted.

Two downsides to running like this are

• it is slower and tags become non-persistent
• if some frontends have not been running for a while, their variables may vanish from the history panel editor.

New-style History Tags

For the above two reasons, using /History/Tags is still recommended. However, the format of the tags is now changed to simplify management and reduce ODB size.

For NEW implementations

the key CreateOldTags will not be present. "New-style" history tags will be created automatically in the Tags subtree.

If you have old-style tags

mlogger will automatically convert the old tags to this new format (this is why you should make a backup of your ODB).

• • using "old" (i.e. pre Version 4435) mlogger with "new" mhttpd is OK: new mhttpd understands both formats of /History/Tags.
  • using "old" mhttpd with "new" mlogger is OK provided the ODB key /History/CreateOldTags is set to "y" before starting mlogger.

Old-style History Tags

Prior to versions 4435 of mlogger and mhttpd, old-style history tags were generated. See

• http://ladd00.triumf.ca/~daqweb/doc/midas-old/html/F_History_logging.html

for details.

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MIDAS ODBC SQL History system

This section describes the internal workings of the MIDAS SQL history system.

The SQL history system implements the MIDAS history using a SQL database for data storage instead of flat binary files.

The SQL history code lives in a separate files history.h and history_sql.cxx. The present implementation uses the ODBC API for accessing SQL databases. MySQL is fully supported, Pgsql support is partially implemented, support for arbitrary ODBC drivers should be easy to add in history_sql and most SQL operations are done using an interface class.

Preliminary testing with MySQL and PgSQL indicates that disk space requirements are the same for both storage mechanisms using flat binary files or either of the 2 SQL databases. All 3 tested storage mechanisms store the data uncompressed. (Observed gzip-1 compression ratios from CERN-ALPHA history files are 50% or better).

Preliminary testing also indicates that MySQL database is "not too slow" for use by T2K/ND280 slow control system. Using MySQL, performance seems to improve somewhat compared to traditional MIDAS-history because each SQL table is stored into a separate file, compared to everything-in-one-file in traditional MIDAS-history.

Set up a MySQL database

In order to setup a MySQL database, the following is needed:

• the server hostname and port number
• database name
• user name and password.

It is recommended to create 3 different users:

• a "root" user with full priveleges,
• a "reader" user with read-only priveleges
• and a "writer" user with "insert, create table, and add column" priveleges (no permission to drop table, remove columns, etc)

Example

1. Setup a MySQL database (RHEL/SL 5)

ssh root@localhost
service mysqld start
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation (enter current password for root: press <enter>, then accept  default answer "Y" to all questions)
mysqladmin -p create history
using mysql-administrator, create 2 users:
history_writer, with database "history" schema privileges: select, insert, create, alter
history_reader, with database "history" schema privileges: select

1. Setup $HOME/.odbc.ini file:

cat $HOME/.odbc.ini
[history_writer]
Description  = history_writer
Driver       = /usr/lib64/libmyodbc3.so
SERVER       = ladd05.triumf.ca
PORT         =
Database     = history
OPTION       = 3
SOCKET       =
User         = history_writer
Password     = ******
[history_reader]
Description  = history_reader
Driver       = /usr/lib64/libmyodbc3.so
SERVER       = ladd05.triumf.ca
PORT         =
Database     = history
OPTION       = 3
SOCKET       =
User         = history_reader
Password     = 

Layout of SQL tables

• One table is created for each history event. Table name is the same as the history event name (as reported by mhdump).
• one column is created for each history tag (history variable). Column name is the same as the tag name (as reported by mhdump). For array tags, one column is created for each array element: array a[3] will produce columns a_0, a_1 and a_2.
• two special columns are always created: _i_time and _t_time are the timestamps in the UNIX-time integer format and in the SQL "time" format. (A priori, it is not clear which timestamp format is more useful for end users. mhttpd uses the _i_time integer time format). Note that this timestamp is the time when mlogger receives the hot-link signal (see above) and it can be a few seconds behind the time when the user placed the data into the MIDAS bank. For high precision (and sub-second time resolution) time stamps, users should generate their own timestamps and include them as part of the data itself.
• a special table called _history_index is created to remember the mapping between SQL names and MIDAS names for event names, variable name and tag names.

Schema Evolution

• when new data fields are added, new SQL columns are created automatically
• existing SQL columns are never deleted
• arrays are expanded automatically, and arrays never shrink.
• if the type of a data field changes, a conflict may occur with existing SQL columns, for example if previous type was "FLOAT" and new type is "DOUBLE", the existing SQL columns would have the SQL data type "float", too narrow to store new values. mlogger will complain about this. Such conflicts may be resolved by changing the type of the SQL column using SQL tools. In general, SQL names are created from MIDAS names by replacing all non-alphanumerical characters to an underscore "_". If this procedure creates duplicate column names, the column names and made unique by appending them with a random number, i.e. MIDAS names "A+B" and "A-B" will be translated to "A_B" and "A_B_12345" (random integer). True MIDAS names are saved into the _history_index.