> Is it possible to impose requirements on certain output variables in an interlock-like fashion? For example: "As long as the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, a light switched by a relay cannot be turned on."
> 
> A workaround would be to set an alarm on that variable and call a script which turns the light back off, but that might not be ideal in certain scenarios. For safety-critical situations, a PLC would be preferred, but I am missing an option between those two.

No, interlocks of that kind are not implemented in midas. And that is for a good reason. Interlocks are critical, so one must be sure 100% that they are working. This cannot be done with complex software such as midas. You have to use dedicated hardware for that. 
Most people use a PLC controller which is made for that. Midas is then only used to read and display the status of the interlock controller.

Stefan