Disk benchmarks

Individual disks

• WDC WD30EZRX-00MMMB0 - read rate: 130->50 M/s, ave 100 M/s; write rate: 130->50 M/s, ave 100 M/s
• WDC WD40EZRX-00SPEB0 - read rate: 150->70 M/s, ave 120 M/s; write rate: 150->70 Mbytes/sec
• WDC WD4001FAEX-00MJRA0 - read rate: 150->80 M/s, ave 130 M/s
• WDC WD4003FZEX-00Z4SA0 - read rate: 180->100 M/s, ave 150 M/s
• WDC WD80PUZX - read: 180->90 M/s, write: 180->100 M/s
• ST8000VN0002 - read: 240->110 M/s, write: 220->110 M/s

Disk interfaces

Marvell 88SE9485 (PCIe x8 to 8 SAS/SATA 6Gb/s Ports I/O Controller)

lspci: LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x8

• per-port speed: full disk speed on each port
• total read speed vs number of active disks, using 4TB disks:
  • 1 - 150 M/s - 1x
  • 2 - 273 M/s - 1.8x
  • 3 - 430 M/s - 2.8x
  • 4 - 544 M/s - 3.62x
  • 5 - 573 M/s - 3.82x
  • 6 - 593 M/s - 3.95x
  • 7 - 623 M/s - 4.15x
  • 8 - 640 M/s - 4.2x
• conclusion: 88SE9485 saturates at 4 disks (correct PCI config confirmed - x8 at 5GT/s). Adding 4 more disks do not increase data rate.

Marvell 88SE9230 (4 SATA)

lspci:

• LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x2 (on Z87 mobo)
• LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x2 (plugin board)

• per-port speed: full disk speed on each port
• total read speed vs number of active disks, using 4TB disks:
  • 1 - 150 - 1x
  • 2 - 300 - 2x
  • 3 - 460 - 3x
  • 4 - 620 - 4.1x
  • 5 - 770 - 5.1x
  • 6 - 913 - 6.1x
  • 7 - 1100 - 7.3x (WD4003FZEX)
  • 8 - 1240 - 8.3x (WD4001FAEX)
• conclusion: configuration with dual 88SE9230 does not saturate up to 8 disks.

mdadm raid + xfs

dd if=/data/file of=/dev/null bs=1024000k
dd if=/dev/md6 of=/dev/null bs=1024000k

• 4xWD40EZRX RAID5 Z87 88SE9230, 88SE9485: raw: read: 420 M/sec, write: ~400 M/s. xfs: read/write: 400->300 M/s (10min avg)
• 6xWD40EZRX RAID6 Z87 1x88SE9485: raw: .... xfs: write /dev/null 600->300 M/s, 443 M/s ave across 17TB, xfs read: 550->300 M/s, 440 M/s ave across 17TB, strip_cache_size 32k.

• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID6 Z87 1x88SE9485: raw: read: 673 M/s ave first 30 sec, write: ???, xfs: write /dev/zero 800->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ??? TB, xfs read: 530-620->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ??? TB, strip_cache_size 32k
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID6 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 430 M/s ave first 30 sec, write: ???, xfs: write /dev/zero 860->400 M/s, 660 M/s ave across 24 TB, xfs read: ~500->~500 M/s ave across 20TB, strip_cache_size 32k, chunk 512
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID6 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 740 M/s ave first 30 sec (50% busy), write: 515 M/s, xfs: write /dev/zero 600->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ?? TB, xfs read: 830(40% busy)->??? M/s ave across ??TB, strip_cache_size 32k, chunk 256, internal bitmap, during resync - all wrong
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID6 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 820 M/s ave first 30 sec (60% busy), write: 860 M/s, xfs: write /dev/zero 860(100% busy)->425 M/s, 660 M/s ave across 24 TB, xfs read: 830(50% busy)->420 M/s, 660 M/s ave across 24TB, strip_cache_size 32k, chunk 128kiB, mkfs.xfs -d su=131072,sw=6
• w=830;r=840,rq256/384 - sw=12
• w=870,rq256/1300;r=840,rq256/384 - sw=24
• w=870,rq256/1300;r=840,rq256/384 - su=262144,sw=24
• w=870,rq256/1300,r=660,rq256/384 - ext4
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID6 Z87 1x88SE9485: raw: read: 840 M/s ave first 30 sec (60% busy), write: ??? M/s, xfs: write /dev/zero ???(???% busy)->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across 24 TB, xfs read: 840(60% busy)->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across 24TB, strip_cache_size 32k, chunk 128kiB, mkfs.xfs -d su=131072,sw=6

• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID0 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 1130 M/s ave first 30 sec (80% busy), write: 1200 M/s ave first 30 sec (100% busy), xfs: write /dev/zero 1150->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ?? TB, xfs read: 1150(70% busy)->??? M/s ave across ??TB, chunk 256kiB
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID0 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 1150 M/s ave first 30 sec (80% busy), write: 1150 M/s ave first 30 sec (100% busy), xfs: write /dev/zero 1150->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ?? TB, xfs read: 1150->??? M/s ave across ??TB, chunk 512kiB
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID0 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 750 M/s ave first 30 sec (40% busy), write: 1200 M/s ave first 30 sec (100% busy), xfs: write /dev/zero 1200->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ?? TB, xfs read: 750(50% busy)->??? M/s ave across ??TB, chunk 1024kiB
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID0 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 750 M/s ave first 30 sec (20% busy), write: 1200 M/s ave first 30 sec (100% busy), xfs: write /dev/zero 1200->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ?? TB, xfs read: 800(25% busy)->??? M/s ave across ??TB, chunk 2048kiB
• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID0 Z87 2x88SE9230: raw: read: 150 M/s ave first 30 sec (10% busy), write: 1200 M/s ave first 30 sec (100% busy), xfs: write /dev/zero 1200->??? M/s, ??? M/s ave across ?? TB, xfs read: 160(10% busy)->??? M/s ave across ??TB, chunk 8192kiB

btrfs

dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/file bs=1024000k
dd if=/data/file of=/dev/null bs=1024000k

• 8 (6xWD40EZRX+WD4001FAEX+WDC WD4003FZEX) RAID6 Z87 1x88SE9485: btrfs -m=raid1 -d=raid6: write vmstat 1000 M/s, dd 820 M/s (100% busy), read: vmstat 840 M/s, dd 820 M/s (60% busy)
• same array, 2x88SE9230: read: vmstat 800 M/s, dd 800 M/s (60% busy)

ZFS

• mirror of 2x8TB (WD80PUZX and ST8000VN0002): write: 175->100 M/s, read: ..., scrub: ...

max speeds

Assuming 150 M/s disks, max theoretical write speeds are:

• 4 disk raid5 -> 3*150 -> 450 M/s
• 6 disk raid6 -> 4*150 -> 600 M/s
• 8 disk raid6 -> 6*150 -> 900 M/s
• 8 disk raid0 -> 8*150 -> 1200 M/s